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Ariell Zimran |
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with David Escamilla-Guerrero and Andrea Papadia NBER Working Paper 32083 (featured February 15, 2024), IZA Discussion Paper 16741, and Oxford Economic and Social History Working Paper 211 Resubmitted to the Journal of Development Economics We study the effects of immigration during the Age of Mass Migration (1855-1920) on Brazil's agricultural development in 1920. Instrumenting for a municipality's immigrant share using the interaction of aggregate immigrant inflows and the expansion of Brazil's railway network, we find that a greater share of European immigrants in a municipality led to an increase in farm values. The bulk of the effect was the product of more intense cultivation of land. We also find that it is unlikely that immigration slowed Brazil's structural transformation. Our results imply that immigration into an emerging agricultural economy can substantially contribute to agricultural development. |